Phrase
Merriam-Webster.com
: a word or group of words forming a syntactic constituent with a single grammatical functionan adverbial phrase
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A phrase is a group of words without a verb that explain/expand/give more meaning to something in a sentence (modify)
ClauseMerriam-Webster.com
: a group of words containing a subject and predicate and functioning as a member of a complex (see COMPLEX entry 2 sense 1b(2)) or compound (see COMPOUND entry 2 sense 3b) sentenceThe sentence "When it rained they went inside" consists of two clauses: "when it rained" and "they went inside."
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Compound
Merriam-Webster.com
of a sentence : having two or more main clauses
Complex
Merriam-Webster.com
of a sentence : consisting of a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses
Subordinate Clause
: of, relating to, or constituting a clause that functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb
Complex sentences
simple, compound, and complex sentences
